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Understanding Donkeys: Instincts, Emotions & Everyday Care
Donkeys are some of the most endearing—and misunderstood—characters on the smallholding. With their big ears, gentle eyes, and famously stubborn streak, they’re often compared to horses and ponies. But dig a little deeper, and you’ll find that donkeys have a unique set of instincts, behaviours, and needs that set them apart from their equine cousins.
What Makes Donkeys Different?
While horses evolved to thrive in large herds on open plains, donkeys come from harsher, drier environments where food and water are scarce. This background shaped the donkey’s legendary sense of self-preservation and independence. They’re pragmatic, careful, and less likely to bolt in panic—preferring to freeze and assess danger rather than flee blindly.
Key differences:
- Donkeys have a strong instinct to “hold” territory or water sources, sometimes becoming assertive with other animals.
- They form deep bonds with fellow donkeys and can pine if separated from a close companion.
- Their gentle, affectionate natures make them popular as therapy animals and companions.
Instinctive Fears & Survival Skills
Donkeys are prey animals, so they have a natural “flight zone” and are always on the lookout for threats. Their main fears include:
- Predators or aggressive animals (including unfamiliar dogs or even pushy ponies)
- Novelty—new objects or sudden changes can be scary
- Separation from other donkeys or their established group
Donkeys need time and gentle handling to acclimatise to new environments or companions. They can also be surprisingly good at masking pain or illness, so owners must be vigilant for subtle changes in behaviour, posture, or facial tension.
Donkey Emotions & Social Bonds
Donkeys are deeply social and happiest with another donkey for company. They can form strong emotional bonds, and it’s not uncommon for them to pine or even become unwell if separated from a close friend. When keeping donkeys, always aim to have at least a pair to meet their social needs.
Masters of Disguise: Spotting Pain in Donkeys
One of the trickiest things about caring for donkeys is their tendency to hide discomfort. They may “pretend” all is well, even when they’re not. Subtle signs like tension around the muzzle or nostrils, changes in posture, or standing apart from the group can all indicate something’s wrong.
Tip:
- Regularly observe your donkeys and get to know their normal behaviour. If you spot anything unusual—however minor—it’s worth checking with your vet.
Practical Donkey Care Tips
- Feeding: Donkeys are adapted to sparse grazing and can easily become overweight on rich pasture. Choose a low-calorie, high-fibre diet—browse our donkey feed range for suitable options, and provide plenty of quality hay or haylage to support healthy digestion.
- Shelter: Provide a dry, draught-free shelter—donkeys dislike wet, cold weather.
- Handling: Use calm, consistent routines. Donkeys respond best to patience and gentle encouragement, not force.
- Health: Schedule regular checks and hoof care, and be alert for subtle signs of illness or pain.
Final Thoughts
Donkeys aren’t just “small horses”—they’re unique, intelligent animals with their own needs and personalities. With understanding and the right care, they’ll reward you with loyalty, affection, and no shortage of character on your smallholding.
For feeding advice and supplies, explore our donkey feed and hay/haylage collections, or get in touch if you need help choosing the right products for your donkeys.